HOMEPAGE
PUBLICATIONS
Analyses
GRIP reports
Books
GRIP News
Short News
Archives
Conferences
Subscribe
Mailing list
Analyses
Reports
Books
GRIP News
Short News
Database
 GRIP shop

 GRIP Blogs

 • lisbon-treaty.grip.org
 Internal documents
 Restricted access

GRIP REPORTS

Latest GRIP Reports published:
After a month of intense negotiations, the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference ended on 28 May2010 with an agreement unanimously welcomed by the 189 States parties to the Treaty. The final declaration reaffirmed the central role of the NPT as the cornerstone of the Non-proliferation regime and nuclear disarmament. It also reinstated the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as the main United Nations watchdog after a period of groundless criticism.
The negotiations within the three committees (disarmament, Non-Proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy) started under good auspices and with the same and unique goal: to make significant progress. However, the reality of international relations overtook the statements of principles and the five nuclear States (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) dismissed some interesting proposals such as the adoption of deadlines about their disarmament process. Besides the disarmament of the five nuclear States, the negotiations focused on five other important topics: the role of the IAEA, the opportunity for a Middle East nuclear weapons free zone, the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the universality of the NPT and the right to withdraw from the Treaty.
The first chapter of this report examines the proposals made during the three preparatory meetings between 2007 and 2009.
The second one focuses on the outcomes of the 2010 NPT Review Conference. It also highlights the evolution between the initial proposals and the final results after one month of tough debates. The last part of this report underscores some external events that could disturb the negotiations.
The current military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq put on the agenda a new modern version of one of the oldest jobs: mercenary.
A mercenary is a versatile fighter essentially motivated by the desire for private gain.The early days of this activity go back to 2 500 BC but has developed to an unprecedented scale during the decolonization process in the 1960’s and 1970’s despite regional and international conventions to end this illegal activity.

Since the end of the Cold War a new kind of mercenaries has appeared. They are employed by known companies, some of which are registered on the stock exchange. Working with the approval of governments the private military and security companies (PMSC’s) work as subcontractors executing different military and security tasks which used to be the monopoly of the State previously. The PMSC’s offer a large range of services that countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom became dependant on for their military operations.
The numerous incidents (blunders against civilians, prisoner tortures) caused by people working for PMSC’s in recent conflicts revealed the absence of regulation and legal framework for this activity.

This report focuses on the erosion of one of the last state prerogative which is the legitimate coercion. The study presents the historical evolution of the mercenary activity and describes the way in which some countries try to entrust this role the PMSC’s. The last part examines the national and international initiatives designed to implement a more binding legal framework for the PMSC’s activities.

Composed of 413 articles, 37 protocols and 65 declarations, for a total of more than 400 pages, the new European treaties amended by the Treaty of Lisbon are not easy to read. Besides, the fact that these articles do not have any title helping to identify the topic treated is another factor which complicates the reading. In order to face these difficulties, GRIP has decided to collect all the dispositions of the European Treaties which regards the external policy.

The collection is not limited to the articles which specifically address the external policy of the Union. It includes also several other dispositions scattered among the articles, protocols and declarations, which are essential to understand the EU competences outside its borders.

As a consequence, the document is long, but complete. In order to facilitate its reading, the following structure has been adopted:

  • A title indicating the content of each articles has been inserted between brackets;

  • A table of contents including all articles of the collection (with their title indicating their subject) has been inserted at the beginning of the document, in order to help the reader to guide its research in a more efficient way;

  • When an article also concerns other subjects, the part concerning EU external relations is underlined. On the other hand when the articles exclusively concern the EU external relations, their numbers and titles are underlined.


All GRIP Reports by areas:


GRIP Reports by theme :


All GRIP Reports by researcher or associate researcher:
 
 Latest updates
 Website map
 Print
  
 Contact | Access
Update: 23/08/2010


 
 
 
ABOUT GRIP | RESEARCH AREAS | RESEARCH THEMES | PUBLICATIONS | DOCUMENTATION CENTRE
Mailing list | Latest updates | Website map | Search | Shop | Contact | Access to GRIP | RSS
Envoyer page Edition